Friday, December 20, 2019

Blood in Blood Out Thesis - 828 Words

Blood In Blood Out Thesis: Trying to prove people wrong about where your true roots are it sometimes might not be as easy as we might expect. Many of us have gone through many obstacles trying to be accepted with people of our own ethnicity and at times this fails either because of your physical appearance or the way you’re perceived by others. What is the context of the film? Blood in Blood out directed by Taylor Hackford, focuses on half brothers Paco and Cruz, and biracial cousin Miklo. The film focuses more on their cousin Miklo who is anglo and mexican. Miklo was living with his dad who’s ethnicity is white, but Miklo gets into an argument with the dad which ends up moving from Las Vegas to East Los Angeles. There he†¦show more content†¦What emotional reaction do you suggest the filmmakers intended? The emotional reaction that the filmmakers intended for anyone who watch this film is that no matter what skin, hair and eye color is no one deserves to be labeled. No race should be discriminated and criticize. We should all get along and just be proud of where our roots come from. This film also intended for everyone who watch this film, is that there should not have to be obstacles to be proud of your own race. Is your analysis criticism, praise, or both? Explain how the filmmakers got it right or wrong? This film got it right because I am sure that many people can relate to this film. Many us have probably goneShow MoreRelatedBlood Spurts From The Female Vampire s Chest1515 Words   |  7 PagesBlood spurts from the female vampire’s chest, as her human lover drives the stake further and further into her heart. The scene where Lucy is killed can be interpreted in different ways due to the varying interpretations of blood. One way to interpret blood and vampirism in Bram Stoker’s Dracula is through the psychoanalytical critical lens. In this interpretation, blood symbolizes sexual fluid and vampires are a metaphor for eroticism. 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Solution Application of Hershey’s ERP Implementation

Question: Discuss about the Solution Application of Hersheys ERP Implementation. Answer: Introduction The present business scenario is characterized by high competitiveness and efficiency in operations. The companies are implementing different kind of software and technological solutions to automate the process to increase efficiency and productivity. ERP (Enterprise resource planning) is kind software that assists a business organization to streamline different applications and back office functions related to software, technology, human resources or business operations. It is integrated application software that worked on real time and supports all the major functions of an organization. As a result, several business organizations implement this software to enhance the organizations performance. Although ERP software requires considerable efforts and time period for successful implementation, most of the organizations have implemented it to increase to increase their operational performance (Bradford, 2015). The implementation of the ERP system is desirable as it streamlines all the business operations and provides solutions to the resource planning. It results in fewer requirements of the resources and high profit margin due to the increased efficiency. Using ERP system assists a business organization to achieve its targets which results in happy customers and repeated business. However, the implementation of ERP encompasses various requirements such as budget, communication with all the employees regarding the change, training and development of the employees and modification in the existing processes of the company to support the introduction of the new software. Therefore, several times, the implementation of the software becomes unsuccessful and failure (Shacklett, 2016). In the resent report, the failure of the implementation of ERP system in Hershey has been explored, the root causes for the problem are defined, solutions to the problem are explored and an implementation or action plan is formed to combat the situation. Problem background In 1996, Hershey, a leading confectionary manufacturer company took strategic decision to implement ERP software to integrate the business operations in the different departments of the company. The scheduled time for the software implementation was four years; however, the company wanted to implement the software before the year 2000. It resulted in the implementation of the software in the organization in December of 1999. Due to several testing and scheduling issues, the implementation of the ERP software failed. The failure of the software was at the prime time of the companys business, as during Christmas and the New Year, company receives several orders. Hershey was unable to fulfill these orders due to technical glitches which resulted in huge financial loss to the company (Pemeco Consulting, 2013). The major issues in the implementation of the ERP software were testing and scheduling of the software. In software systems as large and as complicated as ERP system, testing of the software is important to find anomalies and technical issues in the software. If the ERP software is not tested before implementation, it can halt the whole system. However, several times, due to the lack of time, software testing is neglected. The result is complexities in the software which are very difficult to eradicate and disruption in the whole system. Several times, the companies conduct testing without employing the best testing practices which also creates several technical issues at a later stage (Wallace and Kremzar, 2002). Problem definition Defining the problem is considered as the most crucial step in the problem solving. There are several methods available to assist a person in defining the problem and understand it. It is important to realize the underlying causes of the problem to generate its solutions. If the problem is not defined clearly; the generated solutions will not be able to address the situation and the problem persists. In this regard, the problem is defined using 5Ws tool. In this tool, 5Ws (What, Where, When, Who and Why) clarifies and sheds light on the nature of the problem and its major components. 5Ws Analysis What Failure of ERP implementation Where Hershey Who Implementation team was involved in the deployment, employees were involved in operating the software, lack of management knowledge Why Lack of testing and scheduling When During the prime business time of the company 1999 (December) Porters Value chain Analysis: Porters Value chain analysis is the most appropriate tool for examination of the internal activities of the organization. A company can examine the most valuable internal sources and the sources which can be improve to enhance the competitive advantage of the firm (Ijioui, Emmerich and Ceyp, 2007). (Figure: Jurevicius, 2013) (Source: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html) Primary Activities Inbound Logistics: The Company has long relationships with most of the suppliers. It has a developed strong supply chain and has transportation and storage warehouses for storing the raw material. Operations: It operates in a large number of countries and exports confectionaries all across the world. However, till 1996, there was no automation of services which resulted in low efficiency. Outbound Logistics: It has a strong supply chain that supports the outbound logistics of the company. Marketing and Sales: The Company invests in intensive marketing and has acquired a substantial consumer section with it. Services: It provides high quality products to the customers. Support Activities Firm Infrastructure: It has well-designed infrastructure. The company lags behind in technology. Human Resource Management: It has a committed workforce; however, technical workforce is limited which can be examined by the lack of Procurement: The Company maintains high standards in its procurement. Technology: Hershey lags behind in technology. From the analysis, it can be defined that the major issue for the company is that it is lagging behind in technology. Another major reason for ERP system failure is lack of management knowledge, implementation strategy, scheduling and testing methods. Solution generation In any strategy that is focused on the finding solution to a problem, solution generation is the next step. At this stage of problem solving, all the possible approaches to solve the problem are explored. The most common methods of solution generation are fishbone diagram and brainstorming. Fishbone Diagram: The fishbone diagram, also known as Ishikawa diagram or cause effect diagram is a very common problem solving tool. The main purpose of this diagram to get to the root or the underlying cause of some situation. It could be used for both good or bad situations. The fishbone diagram examines a process with all the factors working on it separately. It is used to examine cause-effect relationship between different variables. Figure: Fishbone Diagram for Hershey Brainstorming for Solutions Brainstorming was developed in the 1930s by Alex Osborne to encourage people to find solutions in a creative manner. It is the process of encouraging a group of people to generate maximum ideas in a minimum span of time. It is an invaluable method in problem solving as the several times brainstorming results in brilliant ideas. It is also an enjoyable and fun activity; however, the downside of brainstorming is that several of the solutions generated by brainstorming are impractical (Robson, 2002). Employee Training for operating ERP software Consulting with management regarding the problems that may arise after quickening the pace. Making a proper implementation plan for the software. Employees should be communicated regarding the benefits of software to reduce employee resistance Hiring technical experts from outside for steady implementation of the software It could be analyzed from the situation that there are several solutions that can be used to solve the problem. However, in the present report the best fit solution will be selected for the implementation. Solution Evaluation The next step in the problem solving process is to identify the appropriate solution. It is important that all the major stakeholders of the decision making process participate in it so that the best solution for all the stakeholders is extracted. There are a number of tools used for finding the appropriate solution. Some of them are Affinity diagram, decision matrix and Pareto analysis. In the present situation, the decision matrix is used for the decision making process A Decision matrix assists business owners, leaders and managers to take the correct decision. It represents the benefits and shortcomings of each decision in a matrix form. It is a quantititave method that examines the relation between strategies and their imact (Zarate, Kersten and Hermandez, 2014). Criteria Strategies Employee Software Handling Capability Successful Implementation of Software Alignment with Organizations Operations Employee Training Yes Yes Development of implementation plan Yes Yes Yes Hiring Technical Experts Yes It could be analyzed from the situation that development of an implementation plan will be the best fit solution to this situation. The implementation plan of the ERP software will have a detailed discussion regarding the implementation schedule, resource requirements and testing methods. It will also include methods of employee training and alignment of the new software with the systems of the organization. Implementation and Action Plan As per the above discussion, the best method to approach the problem of the failure of the ERP system is to develop an implementation plan before introducing the sytem in the cmany. Previously, the ERP system failed in Hershey due lack of testing and schedule planning. As result, during the busiest time of the year, the company lost its substantial business as the employees do not have knowledge how to operate the system (Vidgen, 2002). In this regard, an implementation plan will be developed for smooth integration of the system in the organizations operations: Firstly, in the implementation plan, all the stakeholders will be invited to input their viewpoint. The major stakeholders include the management, employees, supliers and technical team. In addition to it, the technical experts should be hired externally so that no technical issue emerge at a later stage. The vendor of the ERP software and the software developers should also be included so that all the essentialities are covered in the implementation plan. Secondly, the implemetation plan should also include other details such as scheduling plan and testing of the software. It should cover in detail the testing schedules, testing tools and verification and validation of the software. The plan should also include the details regarding the importance of every step so that the management can easily be conviced and the budget allocated. Thirdly, the implementation plan should also include employee training and employee communication. Several times, it is seen that the employees resist the implementation of new software and technologies; however, acknowledging them the benrfits of the tehnollogy will make them more acceptable towards it. In addition to it, the employee training regarding the new software will assist them to learn how to operate them easily. The company can provide on-the-job training or employee mentoring for teaching the employees regarding the operations of the new software (Werner and DeSimone, 2011). Conclusion In the present organizational context, ERP system is essential to enhance the productivity and efficacy of the organization. As a result, the organizations are adoptin this system. However, a proper implementation plan is necessary for implementation of any new system. In the case of Hershey, the quick implementation of the ERP system led to its failure and cost the company a huhge amount of business. In this report, the failure of the ERP system in the compny is explored by 5Ws and th Porters value chain to identify the root cause of the system failure. It was analyzed that lack of testing and the scheduling plans lead to the failure of theERP implementation. Subsequently, a number of solutions were explored through brainstorming and fishbone diagram. The best solution was identified by the decision matrix as development of implementation plan. Then after an action plan to develop implementation plan document s suggested. References Bradford, M. (2015). Modern ERP: Select, Implement, and Use Today's Advanced Business Systems. Lulu.com. Ijioui, R., Emmerich, H. and Ceyp, M. (2007). Strategies and Tactics in Supply Chain Event Management. Springer Science Business Media. Jurevicius, O. (2013). Value chain analysis. Strategic Management Insight. Retrieved 15 December 2016 https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/value-chain-analysis.html Pemeco Consulting. (2013). A case Study on Hersheys ERP Implementation Failure: The importance of Testing and Scheduling. Retrieved 15 December 2016 https://www.pemeco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Hershey_ERP_Case_Study.pdf Robson, M. (2002). Problem-solving in Groups. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Shacklett, M.E. (2016). Before implementing ERP, understand its many components. Search Manufacturing ERP. Retrieved 15 December 2016 https://searchmanufacturingerp.techtarget.com/feature/Before-implementing-ERP-understand-its-many-components Vidgen, R. (2002). Developing Web Information Systems: From Strategy to Implementation. Butterworth-Heinemann. Wallace, T.F. and Kremzar, M.H. (2002). ERP: Making It Happen: The Implementers' Guide to Success with Enterprise Resource Planning. London: John Wiley Sons. Wealleans, D. (2001). The Organizational Measurement Manual. Gower Publishing, Ltd. Werner, J.M. and DeSimone, R.L. (2011). Human Resource Development. Cengage Learning. Zarate, P., Kersten, G. and Hermandez, J.E. (2014). Group Decision and Negotiation. A Process-Oriented View: Springer.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Leadership Skills and Affect of Human Behaviour †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Skills and Affect of Human Behaviour. Answer: Introduction: Leadership skills plays major role in the leadership style and quality of a person (Northouse, 2015). In order to operate any organization, it is important for a person to possess some key skills that can work as his strength to perform his role and responsibility in an appropriate manner (Nahavandi, 2016). The following article has concentrated on my leadership skills. The article is based on self-assessment. It has highlighted various aspects of human nature that play crucial role in shaping up their behaviour and attitude. It has discussed about the affect of human behaviour on the relationships and work performance. Self-Assessment: According to me, I am not an extrovert. At the same time, I have the capabilities to raise my voice against any unlawful practice. I face difficulties while sharing my viewpoint in front of many people, but I feel comfortable with my near and dear ones. Although, I take some time to open up with other members of a team, but I am able to communicate with everyone. Moreover, having good listening skill is necessary for leadership ability development (Antonakis 2017). I allow people to speak first and try to understand their point of view. It helps me to observe the mindset of the others and helps to take efficient decisions as well. I think I have enough patience to overcome and hurdles. I do not give up easily. This quality has helped me to overcome many challenges in my life. During my childhood, I was severely sick during my final exam of my school. My physician did not allow me to take preparation for the exam. However, keeping hope high always even in critical situation is needed in leadership (Bolman Deal 2017). I did not lose hope and decided to take preparation for the exam. At last, I scored good marks in exam by my determination. I believe determination, hard work is the key for success, and I am always ready to work hard to achieve my desired goal. As stated by Fairhurst Connaughton (2014), leadership skills also a test of personality and emotional development of a person. However, sometime I face several issues due to my temperament, but I try to keep calm as long as possible and try to resolve issues without losing my nerves. My Perception vs. Others Perception: Other persons perception about me with whom I have discussed about my perception is not highly different from my perception. I have shared my perception about myself with childhood friend. He also possesses same view about my personality like me. He also thinks that my patience level is high and do not give up easily without trying. Perception in leadership is about interpreting the experiences as one sees an incident (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2013). According to him, I face some issues to interact with any person for the first time, but it becomes easy for me with time, which leads me to face many difficulties sometime. While working within a new team, new employees often hesitate to start any conversation with teammates and team leaders as well, however it is significant to understand the perception (Renko et al. 2015). Eventually, they become my friends and I share my opinion and feelings with them freely. He believes, I should work on my communication skills to interact with new people around me, as it will enhance my confident level and it will motivate me to participate in conversation with strangers. On the other hand, according to my friend, I must maintain my patience level, as it will be helpful to manage any team or any organization. As opined by Ward (2016), having the right perception is important and it shows the leadership skills. He believes that leaders must have patience to deal with various people who belong to different background and different culture. Thus, according to him, I am able to listen to other people and convince them according to my point of view, which helps me to connect with people. He thinks it works as my major strength that can support my leadership qualities. In understanding the honesty and commitment of a person are qualities of leadership (Tourish 2014). He also shares same thought with me that it is not difficult for me to convert my thought into words but I face obstacles to share my thought in front of strangers. T hus, ha has suggested me to practice these things to overcome any future obstacles. The Impact of My Style on My Relation: It is often evident that humans nature put significant impact on his or her working style and his or her relationship with people surrounded by him. In this scenario, my style of working also affects the people around me. They often influenced by my patience level and hard working capabilities. Positive attitude and creativity are important for an employee (Strom, Sears Kelly 2014). While working as a team, it is important to for every team to observe the best qualities of each other and adopt those qualities. My teammates often get motivated to work as a team to achieve the common goal. Eventually, it puts remarkable impact on the performance of our team as well. However, it is often told to me that I need to be vocal in front of strangers as well and I shall not feel uncomfortable while sharing my views. Being a good listener, I have the capabilities to build a strong bonding with people around me. Thus, it plays major role while working within a team. I share a healthy bonding wi th my teammates and other people around me. My fellow workers often appreciate me for raising voice against any unlawful practices. It helps me to gain trust of my teammates and relatives. They believe in me and feel free to share their issues and challenges from which they are suffering. It strengthens the bonding between my co-workers and me. As I always try to cooperate with my teammates and support them to perform, which helps me to earn reputation in my group. On the other hand, as I try my level best to support to my relatives, friends and close ones to overcome many hindrances, they always expect me to by their side and I always receive many appreciation, love and care from my close ones which plays major role to boost up my motivation. According to my relatives, I have all the potential to overcome major challenges, which helps me to gain appreciation and trust from my close ones and fellow workers. Analysis: In order to lessen my weaknesses, I need to focus on my strengths. I believe, it is not enough to discuss about the flaws. To overcome those flaws one must concentrate on own strength and try to enhance it. It will be beneficial to resolve many issues. To overcome weakness of communication with strangers, I must practice communicating with other people and must socialize often. It will be beneficial to increase the communication skills. I must participate in the group discussion and discuss about various issues with new people often. My listening skills will work in this field. I can communicate and involve in the discussion and influence people by my skill. My hardworking skill will never allow me to give up. Thus, it will be helpful to enhance my skills to share my opinion in front of others. My leadership skills and plan can be used in my workplace to guide my team towards the right path. I can motivate them to work as a team to achieve the organizational goal. Conclusion: As per the discussion, it can be stated that communication plays major role in the leadership skills. Thus, one needs to enhance this skill to become an effective and efficient leader. Along with communication, one must focus on other skills as well, such as- hard work, patience and so on. References: Antonakis, J. (2017).The nature of leadership. London: Sage publications. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., McKee, A. (2013).Primal leadership: Unleashing the power of emotional intelligence. Harvard Business Press. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Sydney: Pearson. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. London: Sage publications. Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., Brnnback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), 54-74. Strom, D. L., Sears, K. L., Kelly, K. M. (2014). Work engagement: The roles of organizational justice and leadership style in predicting engagement among employees.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), 71-82. Tourish, D. (2014). Leadership, more or less? A processual, communication perspective on the role of agency in leadership theory.Leadership,10(1), 79-98. Ward, J. (2016).Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuing growth, profitability, and family leadership. Berlin: Springer.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Eustress Essay Example

Eustress Essay Eustress is referred to as a pleasant or a curative form of stress whereas distress is the form of stress that has negative effects on the human beings. Distress is also seen as an unpleasant type of stress or a disease producing type of stress which is very chronic, sustained and even in some instances it is uncontrolled thus leading to a compromised immune system and illnesses and in the most severe cases it may even lead to death.. Those in the middle ages are prone to various forms of stress since they are going through their mid life crisis which is accompanied by a lot of other characteristics. There are many different forms the stress can be categorized especially for those in the middle ages. The first classification of stress for the middle aged is the situational stress which is usually caused by the situational stressors in our immediate environment. It is therefore very important for those in the middle ages to identify their common persistent distressors and initiate the proper methods of managing and addressing them. Most of the people in the middle age experience the situational stress through their work environment and this affects them a great deal. This comes as a result of boredom because of working in the same office and doing the same things repeatedly on a daily basis. It could also be caused by a lot of wok that is allocated to an individual and its makes one overwhelmed and the level of the situational stress increases. On the other hand situational stress in the Middle Ages affects those that do not have some coping mechanisms which will them function at high levels with the lowest possible negative reactions to the stress that is continual. We will write a custom essay sample on Eustress specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Eustress specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Eustress specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another type of stress that greatly affects the middle aged is the body stress which results in physical symptoms that are overt and this leads to those affected neglecting their bodies by not either getting enough sleep or simply by not taking the proper nutrition. The other form of stress is the mind stress which is mainly caused by a negative perception of the life’s events .This is especially common in the middle ages since most of the people here tend to highly exaggerate their problems or even at times they invent problems which do not exist. It is very common for the middle ages being pessimistic and they also take things too personally as they jump into conclusions. This type of stress is very common   to the extent that it can lead to fretting or worrying over very insignificant details and people who allow themselves to mentally worrying a lot more often or those that have negative thoughts they are known to be the most prone to the long term effects of mind stress. Identifying stress It is very easy to identify stress for someone in the middle ages and this can be done either through physical observations or even the medical examination which is very comprehensive. In order to manage stress effectively as an individual in the Middle Ages it is very important that you become conversant with the types and the amounts of the stressors in your everyday life. One way that is effective in developing awareness is the assessment of the frequency and the amount of stress in your daily routine in life and then further trace the stress to its source. Most often one can identify the eustress and distresses in the following ways. Muscle tension. You can do this by scanning to check the muscle tension. This can also be done to different body muscles. One could start with the top of the head working their way down. You can also check your fore head your eyes your jaws and see if   you are clenching your teeth by any chance .You could also move to your neck and shoulders and check for any kind of pain or tension . It is also important if you checked your breathing to see if it is shallow and rapid rather than being deep and slow. You could also scan your feet and toes and also your upper legs to see if there are any signs of stress. Hand temperature This is a very easy way to identify any kind of stress to a person in their middle ages since it simply involves one placing their hand on the side of their neck just above the collar bone. If the hand is noticeably cooler than the neck this is a clear indication that you might be stressed. Nervous sweating This is the most visible sign of stress or distress in those people in their middle ages since many people perspire when they are eustressed or distressed. The process of perspiring is an involutantary response to stress that is mainly caused by the secretion of some stress hormones. This is a very simple indicator of the body response to the stressors. Pulse rate. Most of the people have a pulse rate in the 50s or 60s when they are resting. However if you notice that your pulse rate is higher than 75bpm this could be an indication that your body is responding to a stressor. Breathing. It is common that if you are relaxed your breathing is shallow and also deep and your stomach muscles are also very relaxed. However if there is any amount of stress ant tension you tend to tighten the muscles in the stomach and you breathe through your chest. The chest is not as expandable as the stomach and therefore one will exhibit rapid and shallow breathing on the chest. A very simple way of managing stress for the middle age is to learn to breathe in a very relaxed fashion as you relax the stomach and breathe in very slowly filling it first then the chest. Once you have been able to identify the stresses and distresses then you can lay down a strategy of managing them. Dealing with distress and eustress The most effective way of dealing with distress and eustress is by making various changes in your surrounding envioroment.This could help reduce situatinal. Another way of dealing with this issue for those in middle age is to communicate clearly and very carefully especially to those whom we are having problems with. It is very evident that those in the middle age are not usually easily understood by those around them therefore it is very crucial if one puts across information in a very caring way. In dealing with this issue it is equally important to refuse too many responsibilities which tend to overwhelm us in various ways thus affecting our proper way of functioning. Conclusion In conclusion one has to learn a way of managing their time well since in most instances people find themselves in dilemmas because of poor time management skills. On the other hand it is very important to delegate responsibilities and also allow other people to help in various given tasks. (Margie, 2001)

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences

Statistical Concepts Essays - Evaluation Methods, Formal Sciences Statistical concepts Statistical concepts are used in various aspects on industry. The following highlights the use of statistics in these industries: Accounting/Auditing, Insurance, and Medical (Pharmaceutical). In the accounting/auditing field, it is imperative that the auditor makes an effort to determine that financial statements are stated accurately and free of material error (appear to be stated accurately). To accomplish this task, auditors utilize test methods that include statistical sampling of accounting transactions payroll, accounts payable, accounts receivable, journal entries, etc.. This statistical approach is used for validating (determining the accuracy) financial statements through limited test work. This limited test work is based on the statistical approach of how a population reacts ie, a small sample of the population is generally representative of the entire population. The use of statistics provides the auditor with a tool that provides comfort in the amount of test work required to achieve ?adequate" scope coverage to meet a representative sample of the financial scope. This use of statistics provides an auditor with a lower cost approach to substantiate accuracy this is important to both the auditing firm and the industry being audited. Another industry that utilizes statistics on a daily basis is the insurance industry. In fact, this industry relies on statistics to help forecast its bottom line results. The typical insurance company uses statistics to determine approval rates for clients, while providing coverage (life, medical, dental, etc.) and turning a profit. For example, an insurance company might use statistical concepts to determine the trend of a population. This statistical approach might be used to determine the likelihood of a population incurring extreme medical needs, birth rates, or surgery. The results of this approach help the insurance company project the probability of incurring medical, dental, and/or life claims and therefore, enables the company to establish premium rates that delivery profitable results. The medical/pharmaceutical industry is another major industry segment that utilizes statistical concepts on a daily basis. Statistical concepts are used to determine the appropriateness of distributing new drugs (ie, determine the likelihood of drug interactions). This is an example of how statistics truly have a very favorable or detrimental impact on daily life. Again, population trending is used to determine whether or not a drug should be released to the general public (based on the results of a small sample size) for consumption. As indicated, statistical concepts play a key role in various industries. These concepts determine not only how we work but also how we live.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Mini Case in Finance and Accounting Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mini in Finance and Accounting - Case Study Example The incremental cash flows constitute the marginal benefit from the project. Therefore, the incremental cash flows are the increased value to the firm from accepting the project. It is suitable to take the total free cash flow into account rather than taking the total profits. b. Cash flow items do not include depreciation. However, depreciation affects the cash flows at various levels on the life of the project as it has effects on taxes, which in turn impacts the cash flows (Business Accounting Guide). Depreciation comes under the expenses items and when the amount of depreciation incurred increases, the expenses also increase in proportion. On such a situation, the accounting profits get diminished. c. The sunk costs are ignored while assessing the capital budgeting proposal. The company as a whole concentrates only on the incremental after-tax cash flows, or free cash flows. The decision made on the investment at hand is not regarded as the sunk cost that would have already incur red. They are irrelevant and are not incremental cash flows and so they do not affect the determination of cash flows. d. The project’s initial cash outlay can be calculated by using the following formulae. Initial Cash Outlay = Cost of new plant & equipment + Cost of shipping & installation + Increase in working capital = $7,900,000+ $100,000+$100,000 = $8,100,000 e. The differential cash flows over the project’s life can be found out by adding Taxes to the amount of EBIT (Earning Before Interest and Taxes) and deducting the amount of Depreciation. The differential cash flows through the years are assessed as follows: Operating Cash Flow Statement Year 1 2 3 4 5 EBIT $6,500,000 $12,500,000 $14,900,000 $7,700,000 $2,900,000 Less: Taxes $2,210,000 $4,250,000 $5,066,000 $2,618,000 $986,000 Add: Depreciation $1,600,000 $1,600,000 $1,600,000 $1,600,000 $1,600,000 Differential (Operating) Cash Flows $5,890,000 $9,850,000 $11,434,000 $6,682,000 $3,514,000 f. The Terminal Cas h Flow means the cash flow that is accumulated at the end of the project life. It takes the net recovered value collected at the liquidation of the project into account. It consists of cash flow on account of the changes in net working capital but leaves out the operational cash flow from the previous year of the project. Usually, changes in the net working capital affect the cash inflow, which is the recovered amount of cash outflow taken into account at the starting of the project (Terminal Cash flow in capital budgeting decision, 2010). The Terminal Cash Flow is assessed using the following statement. Terminal Cash Flow = $5,914,000.00 Free Cash Flow Statement    1 2 3 4 5 Operating Cash Flow $ 5,890,000.00 $9,850,000.00 $11,434,000.00 $ 6,682,000.00 $ 3,514,000.00 Less: Change in Net Working Capital $ 2,000,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $ 600,000.00 $(1,800,000.00) $(2,400,000.00) Less: Change in Capital Spending $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Free Cash Flow: $